A. Hallucinations Essay

PSYC 101: Introduction to Psychology

I eliminated hallucinations because it is the most severe effect among the choices and is less likely to experience by someone doing shift work.
(Source: http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/science/variations/jet-lag-and-shift-work)
D. More frequent and vivid dreams

Stage 1 – decreased adrenaline

Stage 2 – slow & regular heart rate
Stage 3 – decreased brain activity
Stage 4 – sleepwalking
(Source: http://psychcentral.com/lib/stages-of-sleep/0002073)
C. REM sleep rebound
(Source: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/strange-but-true-less-sleep-means-more-dreams/)

The amount of time needed to recover from sleep deprivation should be the same amount of time that was lost.

(Source: http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/12/how-sleep-deprivation-decays-the-mind-and-body/282395/)

E. Stage 4

Sleepwalking is a disorder wherein people move around even though they are asleep. This phenomenon is occurs in the NREM when the brain is silent while your body is active.(Source: http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/sleepwalking1.htm)
Night terrors are often confused with confusional arousal, which occurs when a child starts moaning and moving after falling asleep for some time. True sleep terrors are the severe case of confusional arousal where the child move around as if there’s a threat and he or she has to protect himself or herself.
(Source: http://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/sleep/issues/dr-alan-greene-on-night-terrors/)

B. Sleep apnea

(Source: http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/sleep-apnea)
There are many ways to get rid of sleep apnea and it depends to the reason why the person has it. If the problem were the weight, losing a few pounds would probably do the trick. Yes, it is curable. (Source: http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/sleep-apnea-treatments)

B. an expression of our unconscious desires and needs

(Source: http://www.dreammoods.com/dreaminformation/dreamtheory/freud.htm)
I think that dreams are the combination of what is really inside our heads. They can be from our memories, things that were hidden in the subconscious, or our hidden desires.

B. encoding, storage, and retrieval

(Source: http://www.simplypsychology.org/memory.html)

Encoding focuses on the attention of events in order to get information.

Storage is where the information gathered is stored and maintained.
Retrieval is the process of obtaining the information in the storage.
(Source: http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/memory.html)

B. implicit memory

(Source: http://www.livescience.com/43353-implicit-memory.html)
Lacey can’t remember about her vocabulary test last week because it is a semantic memory, a type of explicit memory. These are basically the memories that are not long-term like the episodic memory.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/memory/a/implicit-and-explicit-memory.htm)
D. the recency effect
(Source: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Recency%20Effect)
That would be called the primacy effect because he remembered the earlier singers due to the effect of the old girlfriend.
(Source: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Primacy%20Effect)
C. proactive interference
(Source: http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Proactive%20Interference)
This is called short-term memorization. Information can be chunked together in order to remember a sequence of information better. This can also be done in memorizing the value of pi up to the 40th decimal. (Source: http://www.alleydog.com/topics/memory.php)

B. recognition

It would be an essay-type exam because given a question, each student would have different answers based on what they’ve learned from class and their opinion about the subject matter.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/a/memory_retrival.htm)
D. flashbulb memories
(Source: http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/flashbulbmemory.html)
I can still remember the death of the Bellaire residents when their bus exploded while they are evacuating.
(Source: http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/8-years-ago-seemingly-all-of-Houston-evacuated-4839142.php)
C. unconditioned response

Unconditioned response

Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
(Source: http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html)

B. conditioned stimulus

Conditioned response
Neutral stimulus
(Source: http://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html)
D. extinction
An example can be the disappearance of your taste aversion from a food intake that made you sick. Repeated intake of this food without feeling sick would make your taste aversion extinct.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/eindex/g/extinction.htm)

A. generalization

A dog trained to put its paw on the owner’s palm every time it hears a whistle. But this may cause the dog to do the same thing when it hears any sound similar to the whistle.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/sindex/g/stimgen.htm)

A. drug abuse and addiction

I eliminated that answer because it doesn't belong to the same group as the other three.
D. negative punishment
It is negative because the mother scolded him to stop him from bringing bad grades in the future. It is a punishment because the mother had Johnny do extra chores for two weeks.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/operantconditioning/f/negative-reinforcement.htm)

A. positive reinforcement

It is positive because what Johnny did is encouraged. It is reinforcement because the parents removed his extra chores.
(Source: http://psychology.about.com/od/operantconditioning/f/positive-reinforcement.htm)