E-Government Is The Adoption Of Information Technology By Government Agencies For Improving The Public Administration And Services. Essay

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Business process reengineering (BPR) is a rebuilding and redesigning strategy that various business processes require for an organisation. The aim of the redesigning is to improve the organization's business and enhance productivity and the profitability. Information technology is the primary enabler for BPR.
Business Process Improvement (BPI) is a strategic planning methodology aimed at identifying the operations for improvement or upgrading employee skills. The upgradation ensures smoother procedures, efficient workflows and overall business growth. BPI strives for continuous improvement of the processes.
BPI aims to reduce the cost, risk and time in the execution of processes. BPR leads to a radical redesign of the processes increasing the risk and chances of failure. BPR and BPI are parallel to each other, and sometimes both are required.
(Chadha, 1995)
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A)

B)
Business to Consumer (B2C) are transactions where companies that sell directly to the consumers through online channels like a website.
Business to Business (B2B) is a commerce transaction between two or more businesses such as between manufacturers and wholesaler or between the distributor and the bank.

Consumer to Consumer (C2C) is a business between two person individuals directly over an online medium or a website.

Business to Employee (B2E) is a transaction where companies communicate with their employees, and the employee is the focus of the business rather than any external consumer.
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a) 
It is important because it shows an opinion of the customers about any product or service. Positive reviews, recommendations and rating can help a customer can make a decision to buy that product or service. A negative review is not always bad to social shopping because some products or services may seem negative to one person and positive to another person.
b)

Samsung probed in Taiwan over 'fake web reviews.

http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-22166606
The fake reviews and recommendations will affect the HTC Company through a bad reputation for the phone and the company. The company will lose their customers and loyalty. A phone with large number of negative reviews will not be successful, leading to a negative impact on the company's sales.
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a 
CloudMunch is a Software helps organisations develop and deploy applications faster, more easily, with higher quality and at a lower cost. CloudMunch is a platform for the continuous delivery of applications providing a competent and robust environment. It makes it possible to test, integrate and deploy in short cycles. It provides a model that reduces the cost and has optimised usage (CloudMunch.com).

Cloud-based ERP benefits:

1- Low operating costs for energy, maintenance, configuring, upgrades, costs and efforts.
2- Rapid updates & upgrades
cloud -based ERP systems usually faster updates more than traditional ERP systems.

3- Improved data access: Controlling data access properly is always a challenge for organisations.

Cloud-based ERP risks:
1- Technical Risk: The riskiness in technical issues is extremely broad such that some are not found in formal risk assessments.
2- Security Risk: Many organisations underestimate the importance of effective design security user access in order to minimise costs related to redesigning.
3- Data Management Risk: The risk blended with data conversion, and validation is the incompetence of planning. A right amount of planning must go into determining the amount of time and the number of resources required for mapping data structures
(CloudMunch.com)

References

Chadha, B., 1995. A model driven methodology for business process engineering. COMPUTERS IN ENGINEERING, 1165-1182.
Cloudmunch.com, 2013. CloudMunch | Full Stack DevOps platform | DevOps automation | Cloud hosting. [online] Available at: https://www.cloudmunch.com/ [Accessed 7 Apr. 2015].