Example Of Commodity Research: Corn Research Paper

Corn is an unquestionable local of the Americas and has been extended for a long time. As a result of its New World sources, history, ubiquity and versatility, the National Garden Bureau commends the 21st century as 'The Year of the Corn.' The maize fact sheet contains the history of corn or maize, the rearing and advancement of late cultivars, social practices and gathering help for all farm workers in North America.

History

According to the National Garden Bureau (2014), corn was discovered in wild Mexico. It grew as a normal grass; Zea Mexicana (Teosinte) is the precursor of all known species. The most seasoned and known origin of maize were found in Mexico in the Valley of Tehuacan, and dating back 7,000 years back. The oldest maize cob and human contact dates back in 5,000 B.C. The cob was encased in a husk like packaging. This husk implies the corn was needy upon man to open and scatter the parts. In this way, the most established cob on record was reliant upon man for its survival. Corn spread from its middle of inception, Mexico, north of the US and south to Central and South America. Very nearly 300 assorted manifestations of corn have been depicted from these districts. Corn has turned out to be a standout amongst the most climatically versatile parts of the grass gang (Bonavia, 33).
It is evident that in US, maize remains were discovered in the states of Arizona and New Mexico buckles from 1,200 to 1,300 A.D. The local American Indians developed maize, which is the general class of all corn sorts. Local Americans were likely the first reproducers of corn selecting the best plants and sparing seed from season to season. When Columbus found America, there were several structures or sorts of corn.
Columbus is credited with bringing maize over to Spain on his return voyage in 1493. Its development spread rapidly taking the exchange courses of Portuguese in the early 1500's. One record has maize arriving at the Philippine Isles from the west before Magellan landed from the east in 1521 (Bonavia, 34).

Taxonomy

Of all the types of corn, like the sweet corn, the tastiest of all and it is hence the one preferred for human consumption. Logically, sweet corn also known as Zea mays Rugosa. The variety Zea is Greek for some oat. It is the species Mays, an alternate spelling for maize which means corn, and the assortment regosa, means wrinkled and alludes to the adult seed. Corn is a part of the grass family Gramineae.

Corn Categories

There are six noteworthy classifications of corn. As cultivators, we are most intrigued by Zea mays rosa, sweet corn. Nursery workers can develop popcorn, the sort of corn that blasts when put under increased temperatures. The hereditary of the smaller species or dwarf corn is a special sort of the mature one attaining going up to about 4 to 6 inches long. An improving corn called floor brush corn is developed for the long sinewy tufts that can be dried for future use. The essential business corn is called gouge because of the space on the highest point of dried portions. Mark corn is essentially utilized for household human use, consumption and all other applicable forms of utilization. Ultimately the sixth class is the enlivening kaleidoscopic Flint or Indian corn having the hardest portions when dried. Corn stays one of the world's three most vital cereal products for human and residential creature utilization.

Corn Exchanges

Corn is a commodity that is traded in the open market. The trade has now become digitised as it is now done by KANEX (Kansai Exchange) CME (the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in USA), the Brazilain Exchange (BM&F), the NCDEX (National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange), TGE (the Exchange in Tokyo Japan). It is currently easy to participate and make money from maize. All that one has to do is to monitor the prices and figure out when to buy and when to sell. The kind of electronic trading that the exchanges have been facilitated have made the market value of corn to rise. Corn is one of the most sorts after products in the commodity market, as of the 1st of January 2015.

Production Facts of Corn

A total of 525 million metric tons, of corn, gets output by farmers every year. The U.S. is the main producer of corn around the world, with just about 260 million metric tons. China is a nearby second, with an output of more than 110 million metric tons a year. Brazil is a far third, delivering 37.5 million metric tons every year. The main different grains that verge on corn regarding generation are rice and wheat.
Regardless of the broadly assorted uses for corn, it is still essentially utilized as domesticated animals nourish. All through the U.S., dairy cattle, chicken and swine farmers rely on upon corn to keep up and nourish their animals. A little parcel of corn is redirected into corn syrup, new plastics, and liquor, and corn is likewise occupied to create ethanol to make a cleaner, less extravagant fuel source.

Source: World Bank

Over the last 12 months, the price of a bag of has fluctuated very highly. The table (table 2) below is an indication of the end of day Commodity Futures Price Quotes for maize. The maize is weighed using the 90 kilograms bag.

The theory of pricing in corn

Contingent upon the cited value, the estimation of a wares contract is focused on the current cost of the business sector increased by the real estimation of the agreement itself. In this occasion, the corn contract squares with what might as well be called 5,000 bushels reproduced by our speculative cost of $6.0150, as in:
$6.0150 x 5,000 bushels = $30,075
Items are exchanged focused around edge, and the edge changes focused on business sector unpredictability and the current face estimation of the agreement. Case in point, to exchange a corn contract on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), a dealer may be obliged to keep up an edge of $1,350, which is pretty nearly 4.5%. The calculations in the table below are arrived at using the same method in The National Garden Bureau (2015).

Source: CBOT

Appropriation of the worldwide corn generation in 2013, by country
This measurement demonstrates the appropriation of the aggregate corn generation worldwide in 2013, broken by nation. In that year, the United States were in charge of over a third of the world's corn total output. The vast majority of the US production index is what is attributable to the Corn Belt capability in corn growing. The Corn Belt is located in the Midwest of the United States. Since the 1850s, corn has been the predominant trim around there.

Source: Statistica

The major problems that corn farmers face.
The major problem that is very common in corn growing has always been that which relates to the nuisance that is brought about by the pests.
In many zones, corn borers are an issue. Their caterpillar-like hatchling is initially recognized by a little heap of sawdust-like matter alongside a little gap on the stalk underneath the tuft. The worm will creep down and consume some way or another into the ear if, not evacuated or crushed at the first locating. An alternate normal irritation is the corn earworm. The eggs are laid on the silks, and the hatchling of a Noctuid moth consumes some way or another into and down through the ear of corn devouring the youthful parts along the way. The harm is for the most part to the highest point of the cob. It is frequently viewed as even more an annoyance than a hazard. Putting an elastic band or clothespin on the tip of the ear in some cases, aides keep the earworm from entering the ear.
Research has demonstrated that the prior in the season the corn is planted the less serious the earworm harm. Likewise, corn earworms are to a lesser degree an issue in ranges where the winter temperatures fall underneath 0 degrees F. Numerous plant specialists find that raccoons, deer and other untamed life favour corn over other enclosure vegetables. To shield the youthful ears of corn from raccoons, Jim Schuster, an expert at the University of Illinois Extension Service Department, recommends sprinkling stalks and leaves with infant powder. Re-apply after each one downpour to deflect the raccoons to stop both deer and raccoons utilization Dial cleanser. Hang a half bar of Dial cleanser on 2-2½ ft. What's more 1 ft. stakes, permitting the cleanser to dangle 6 inches over the ground, overall the mice can achieve it and will consume the cleanser. Place the stakes 4 ft. Separated, all around the border of the square of corn and scatter between the corn rows.

Conclusion

Corn is a remarkably adaptable grain that is utilized to sustain animals, people and maybe in the long run bolster automobiles. The immersion of corn in the worldwide economy makes it amazingly value delicate both in supply and interest. How the worldwide commercial hubs will respond to future deficiencies or discounts sought after will be the fundamental component in figuring out if corn costs will twofold once more, as it happened in the year 1996. The very fast emergence of corn as a very highly sought after product.

Works Cited

Bonavia, Duccio. Maize: Origin, Domestication, and Its Role in the Development of Culture. Cambridge University Press.2013. Print.
The National Garden Bureau Sweet Corn Fact Sheet Report, Investing Seasonally In The Corn Market. NGB ed. 2015