Example Of Essay On Roots Of Terrorism: Economy

Any social phenomenon occurs on the background of certain circumstances. The more complicated and serious is this phenomenon to the public, the view of the fact that caused it, should be enhanced. The rise in the daily life of modern society forced to turn to theoretical and psychological roots of terrorism. In modern society, this problem has become a global threat to mankind.
Terrorism is extremely diverse, its various manifestations and motivators are often intertwined and often has cause-effect relationship between each of them. Therefore, it is very difficult to classify terrorism and any form of classification would be more or less incomplete and somewhat arbitrary. What determines the emergence and development of terrorism? There are different reasons for the terrorism activation during last decades. We can identify the following causes: economic, legal, cultural, social, religious and ideological motivators (Kayaoglu, 2007, p. 99). Each of them is an extremely important part in the study of the phenomenon of terrorism itself. I decided to discuss the economic motivator of it, as it is the factor that is always associated with the growing crisis and the weakening of state functions.
One of the economic reasons of terrorism are deep contradictions in the economic sphere, due objective difficulties of transition to markets, as well as subjective rejection of a certain part of the population of new economic relationships and the way of transition to them. Economic crisis also remain to be one of the reasons of terrorism appearance. This harm the interests of the middle classes, in addition, can result in massive unemployment among potentially active and organized in a professional manner populations (For example, the Middle East is experiencing congestion, and many African countries have resorted to production cuts) (Koseli, 2007, p. 113). Due to the world history, poverty alone does not lead to conflict between countries, but has social consequences that cause instability and tension in society, one of the consequences is migration, which is based on economic and social reasons, people are looking for jobs and higher living standards to the same adaptation of immigrants not always runs pretty smoothly (Musgrave, 2015). Youth unemployment, due to its low qualification, together with other factors, integrates it into the group. Having lots of free time leads to the fact that they participate in the affairs of becoming a major form of activity. Depending on the personal qualities (no diligence, desire to get rich quick, attract attention, at least for some time become popular in their environment) can encourage them to active terrorist activities (Kiknadze, 2007, 53).
Such issues as the rise in prices and inflation may become a strong reason for one to develop extremist ideas. The cost of food is still a significant part of the budget of people in countries such as China, Brazil and India. Although central banks raise interest rates, but their respond to these changes is slow. Their monetary policy continued fuzzy, and inflation expectations are worsening. Many governments in developing countries tend to slow down inflation and appease dissatisfied population, subsidizing the price of food and fuel. Serious danger lies in the Middle East, where prices for food and fuel are being subsidized everywhere and policies further increase this assistance, just to pacify the discontented.
The World Trade Organization says that terrorism has become part of life in many countries. Counterterrorism measures are costly to their economies. Such economically developed countries as USA spend millions of dollars for counterterrorism measures. As a result, consumers are faced with a gradual increase in prices of goods and services.
Moreover, the country's position in international trade can be seriously weakened, if the terrorist threat has significant scale, and security measures are beginning to take its toll on business travel, transport and investment. In addition, all military conflicts and terrorist attacks are causing economic losses due to outflow of tourists. According to the World Tourism Organization (World Tourism Organization), all of the states in which there were major terrorist attack, faced with the outflow of foreign tourists. For example, Indonesia, one of the main resorts, which (Bali) terrorists attacked in 2002, is still experiencing difficulty in attracting tourists. Interestingly, tourists are increasingly aware that there is almost no safe places in the world because terrorists can attack anywhere, so every year they are less likely to cancel their tours because of the terrorist attacks that occurred (Piazza, 2014, p. 39). Actions of Islamists in Algeria in the years 1996-2001 cost the economy of this country $ 16 billion. After Palestinian terrorists conducted a series of terrorist attacks in Kenya, this state faced with the outflow of tourists. Every year, the country earned on tourists about $ 500 million. After the terrorist attacks, the tourism industry spent $ 1 million per day.
As a result, all major terrorist attacks traditionally showed a negative trend that affected countries stock indexes, sharply declining property values in the affected city or region. In addition, the attack leads to an increase in unemployment and closure (permanent or temporary) many companies or industries, the rising cost of services of insurance companies and other (Musgrave, 2015). The consequences of terrorism are deformation and social consciousness, destruction of spiritual and material values, reproduction of which takes decades. In a society in which there have been terrorist attacks, transformation processes take place, that occur in the growth of ethnic and religious intolerance.
After the attacks that occurred in the United States on 11 September 2001, the Security Council has played a great role in the new global coalition (Piazza, 2014, p. 40). September 28, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, it adopted a resolution that provides a wide range of measures aimed at preventing terrorist financing, recognition of the raising funds for these purposes as a criminal offense and immediate freezing of financial assets of terrorists. The Council called on States to accelerate the exchange of information on the movement of terrorists and held that States shall provide each other with a support in connection with criminal investigations or criminal proceedings relating to the financing or support of terrorist acts. It also established the Counter-Terrorism Committee to monitor the implementation of its resolution.
Under the auspices of the United Nations talks were held in the context of the development of 12 international conventions on this issue, including the Convention against the Taking of Hostages 1979, Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings of 1997 and the Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism 1999. Currently, all the states should work on preparing a comprehensive agreement on combating terrorism, which would eliminate all the gaps that exist in the previous texts of documents. The United Nations is also taking steps to strengthen the international regime related to weapons of mass destruction, stop the sale of firearms to non-State entity, elimination of anti-personnel landmines, improvement of nuclear and chemical facilities and strengthen control in connection with threats from cyber terrorists. Moreover, all the states should develop their economies to prevent the spread of unemployment, price increases, inflation and dissemination of racist and extremist ideology. Public policy should be aimed at improving living standards and education of the population.
In conclusion, terrorism - is an unresolved problem of the XXI century. It occurs on the basis of the political, social, economic and religious differences. Social factors of terrorism caused by social and economic inequality. The greatest probability of terrorist movement exists in the countries with the lowest economic and social development.
Political terrorism is inherent in both developed countries and developing countries. Especially active terrorist organizations are in Italy, France, Germany and the United States. In periods when the contradictions acute in the social and political sphere, terrorism manifests on religious grounds, which occurs due to lack of necessary guidelines. Another manifestation of international terrorism is a mean of promoting its foreign and political interests by the most developed countries of the world economy. The economic consequences of international terrorism are such as price increase, significant spending on counter-terrorism measures, significant amounts of shortfall due to the outflow of tourists, falling real estate prices in the affected countries and countries stock indexes show a negative trend, rising insurance rates. In addition, there is a destruction of spiritual and moral values.

References

Piazza J. A. (2014). Debating Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Gottlieb S. (Ed.). London, GB: SAGE publications LTD.
Kayaoglu M. (2007). Understanding Terrorism: Analysis of Sociological and Psychological Aspects. Ozeren S., Dincer Gunes I., Al-Badayneh D. M. (Ed.). Washinghton DC, USA: IOS Press, 99-108.
Koseli M. (2007). Understanding Terrorism: Analysis of Sociological and Psychological Aspects. Ozeren S., Dincer Gunes I., Al-Badayneh D. M. (Ed.). Washinghton DC, USA: IOS Press, 109-119.
Kiknadze T. (2007). Understanding Terrorism: Analysis of Sociological and Psychological Aspects. Ozeren S., Dincer Gunes I., Al-Badayneh D. M. (Ed.). Washinghton DC, USA: IOS Press, 51-55.
Musgrave N. (2015). Terrorism and Political Violence. Kennedy-Pipe C., Clubb G., Mabon S. (Ed.) London, GB: SAGE publications LTD.