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REPORT ON FINANCIAL CRISIS

Introduction 3.
Background..4.
Causes of financial crisis..5.
Revolving door.5.
Lobbying and financial crisis.7.
Regulatory capture .8.

Origins of financial crisis 9

The repeal of Glass-Steagall Act10.
The revolving door in financial service..12.

Regulatory agencies13

References..14.

Introduction

This report examines the phenomenon of the revolving door paying reference to the financial crises that rocked the world. It extends a supplement of the analysis of the OECD report on the post-communal employment. There are good practices in the preventing skirmish of interest. It examines pre-employment and revolving foot of the people in the private sector (McLean and Nocera, 2010).
It looks in the emerging and deepening financial crises that are occasion and rethinks on the role of regulation in the public interest. A political backlash is always against the deregulatory impulse of the governance of a country. The presumption is a less regulation that is feared to costly fallacy (Sorkin, 2009).
The report analyzes the revolving door of the phenomenon in the relation to the financial crises that affect them both at the institutional level and individual level. It gathers information on the revolving doors from various developed economies of the world. There is re emergency of interventionist’s states causing the financial crisis. The report is compiled during a moment of transition of flux, and there is data that is highlighted and assembled.
The paper explores on how policy makes decision making of affected countries. It examines in the contexts of U K and USA. Reasons are given on how the fiscal crisis began and what fueled it in 2007. Some of those reasons are the cause of lobbying, regulatory capture, and revolving doors. There is the use of real economies of the world and discussions on how the crisis caused the stakeholder detriment. After the great depression, it is considered as the worst fiscal crisis.

Background

The regulation of the financial regulators is a topic that shifts up the policy agenda throughout United States of America and Canada. The public looks at it in shock with amazement of successive failures of world best-known financial institutions. Several executives of the bank resigned, and others were removed from their positions. There is party-political pressure on the managements of the organizations. One of the emerging realities in the current financial regulations s is that the architecture of the current financial regulations woefully inadequately to adequately protect the interest of the investors (Shiller, 2008).
The world monetary meeting at Davos in 2009 played a significant role in tackling the situation. However, the discussion showed little consensus on how best to address the current crisis. Debates are raised on the globalization issues versus the protectionism issues that surfaced the summit. In the discussions, there was a need to move towards a worldwide coordination of fiscal regulation. In relation to the regulation of regulators, there is a particular issue of revolving doors and conflicts, and it is very clear. In some areas, there is a blind spot in the regulatory gaze.

Causes of financial crisis

They are several reasons that are suggested as the courses of the monetary crisis in UK and USA. The housing effervesces and the private estimating in the plummet damaged the monetary establishments globally. The financial crisis is triggered by the complex interplay of policies that encourage home ownership, provision of easy access to loans and the over-evaluation of systems. The question of trading practices that involves short-term deal of movement of money and the long-term value the money creates. There are issues raised on bank solvency and the declines in the credit availability by the banking companies and investor confidence. The securities suffered loss, and international trade declined (Blinder, 2013).
They are a financial crisis that is suggested in the varying weight by experts. The experts say the outcome of the predicament is a high risk, unidentified skirmishes of interests, failure of the regulators. Credit rating agencies failing to rate business and a wide spread of failure in cooperate government and the risk management. Risk investments and lack of clarity by the monetary establishments made an amalgamation of extreme borrowing. The collapse of the mortgage and lending lead to the rise of the standard of the mortgage securitization in United Kingdom and United States of America. The removal of asset banks and depository banks played a big role in the monetary crisis.

Revolving Door

The phenomenon of revolving doors refers to the movement of people into and out of key policymaking posts in the executive and legislative branches. It carries the risk and increases like a hood of policy and overly on the sympathetic needs of a particular business. The developed policy networks, in United States of America and United Kingdom. There are four types of revolving doors (Bernanke, 2013).
Industry to government: through which the appointment corporate executives plays key posts in the government. The regulatory agencies raise a possibility of a pro-business bias in the policy formulation. There is government to industry policy through which public official and private sector make the use government experience. It brings new connection to benefit the new proprietor. Lobbyist to government: in which consultancy industry thinks of the trade associations and into the advisory decision-making in the government (Della and Talani, 2011). The government lobbying through lawmakers and executive officials lead to the financial crisis. The allowances are paid and the interests of the corporate clients leading to the rise of the financial crisis.

Lobbying and Financial Crisis

The revolving door on the issue takes a comprehensive transparency in the policymaking and regulation of the governments. Lobbying is an overview of the role that leads into a financial crisis in the United States. The issue after the crisis broke. The financial crisis is a fact of political and economic life and lies in the crisis. There is an account of emphasize of the pronouncement making of the corporate government. It gives out suggestions on how the crisis is a comparative event (Zkan and International Monetary Fund, 2012).

Regulatory Capture

It is a well-known danger on the light touch mainly referred to as the deregulatory environments. They noted in 2004 there is a common phenomenon in all the areas of the regulations that are captured in the industry. There is a slight loss of the ultimate objectives of the regulations. A regulatory capture of severe in the banking interest and there is a conflict of interest between the firms’ objective and the management.
The creation of architecture and the global financial systems is associated with policies of the globalization in free arcade reform. It is weakened in the regulatory capacities of the state institution in many nations. The world banking and finance is more integrated every day and continues to be aspects of financial regulations of the countries. The main players are mainly national governments and government agencies (Lewis, 2010).

Origins of The Financial Crisis

The creation of the system in place his a gestation period over a range of years approximately thirty years. The deregulation of the New York Stock Exchange in May 1975 played a significant role. It heightened the competition with the London Stock Exchange. It led to a dramatic reduction of the average commission rates of the United States and formed major reconstructions on the consolidation of the US securities firm. In 1979, the new monetary policy changed due to the Volcker Shock. It is the cause of the principal agents in the transforming regulatory system in which the financial establishments are operated. They modernize the powers of the finance both internally and the world stage.
The World Banks and the International Monetary Fund significantly influence the ascendance of the new neoliberal policy regime. It sums up pressure from the welfare state in a political logic of globalization. The actual policy process in the international and national governments raises the issues of lobbying the potential regulatory capture of both regulatory agencies and the governmental institutions. It raises the issues of honesty and answerability in the lobbying. The revolving door issues are viewed.
In the case of lobbying, significant factor leads to the creation of the global financial architecture. There are routine government decisions and regulatory decisions within its framework. There is indication on lobbying both in economic and political aspects.

The Repeal of Glass-Steagall Act

The Glass Steagall is an example of one of the causes of the financial crisis in the United States of America. The institution wanted to compete because there were seeing big profits in some of the areas. It was protected by the financial markets that remained stable and sound. The movement to repeal the laws according to the lobbyists involved a significant effort. The banking deregulation lobbied it for years. The industries gave $58 million to the federal politician candidates and donated money to the political parties. They are reported to have spent 163 dollars lobbying for the expenses.
They are deregulatory steps that lead to the financial meltdown including the repeal of the Glass Steagall ACT. The rise of culture recklessness in the United States of America and United Kingdom lead to the hiding of liabilities and the off-balance sheet accounting. The executive bank rejects the Financial Derivative Regulation. The Congress leads to blocking the financial derivative and regulations lead to volunteer and the regime of the investment of the banks. There is a voluntary regulation arrangement for the share of the banks.
The bank self-regulation going global and the preparation made in the repeat of the meltdown. The failure to predict the greedy lending by banking leads to losses and financial crisis in the globe. Escaping the accountability of the banking institutions is key.
The Accounting firms spent $81 million on campaign contributions and $122 million dollars on the lobbying. Commercial banks spent of $155 million on campaign contributions and $383 million that is registered in lobbying. Insurance companies donated $220 million and spent $1.1 billion on the lobbying (Lounsbury and Hirsch, 2010).
Regulations are made to help the economies grow and are supervised by both sides of the financial regulations syndicates. It gives rise to banks and are abolished on the unproven grounds. There is a political push for the deregulation and explain the establishment in the country and have marinated a political parties (Davies, 2010).
The onset of the financial crisis leads to extreme negotiation and the intense. The Financial Services Authority published a UK report on the regulatory overhaul is necessary. The process leads to an intense lobbying (Iley, Lewis and Edward, 2013). An executive banker was of the opinion that Turner wanted to introduce a new reign of provision of loans responsibly without eliminating the marketing and devising customer demands. It is something that is hard to the system to fix and Turner understands that for London to maintain its premiership in profitability there should be a room to manoeuver.
The money lending institutions and the insurance companies have spent lobbying a regulator in the head of the stringent policies on the financial products. The gaps in the conservative manifesto create a Conservative manifesto that creates an opportunity to shape the agenda. The Conservative election manifesto forms a critical basis for the first Queen Speech and its reality the bedrock by David Cameron (Kontiadēs, 2013).

The Revolving Door in Financial Services

There is a relationship between the governments, banking, and regulatory agencies in the financial sector. The revolving door can accommodate the jeer in of such connections. In the section, there is a new report that published, and the number of OECD members based in Canada. They are among those developed in the regulatory in the regulatory systems (Casey and British Politics Group, 2011).

Regulatory Agencies

This section examines the revolving door connections of often-regulatory agencies from different countries in the United Kingdom and Unite States. The regulatory agencies include the European Commission High-Level group, U K financial investments LTD, Securities, and Exchange Commission, and financial services Regulatory Authority (Grant and Wilson, 2012).
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation is an independent agency that maintains stability and the public confidence in the United States financial system and examines the institutions. They maintain receiverships of the senior administrators.
The precedents and the practice provide an overview of the regulatory and ethics solutions in the pre and post-government conflicts. Roberta S. Karmel argues forming a reforming door rules ought to be handled with sensitive and cognizant of the community interests between the public and the private sectors. Most evidence has managed to assemble points of regular personnel exchange and the industries that have requested. The models that are available forbid the regulators interests and are well understood. It is a baseline requirement and the former friends and peers regulatory services.

References

McLean, B., & Nocera, J. (2010). All the devils are here: The hidden history of the financial crisis. New York: Portfolio/Penguin.
Sorkin, A. R. (2009). Too big to fail: The inside story of how Wall Street and Washington fought to save the financial system from crisis--and themselves. New York: Viking.
Shiller, R. J. (2008). The subprime solution: How today's global financial crisis happened and what to do about it. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Blinder, A. S. (2013). After the music stopped: The financial crisis, the response, and the work ahead. New York: Penguin Press.
Bernanke, B. (2013). The Federal Reserve and the financial crisis.
Özkan, G., Unsal, D. F., & International Monetary Fund. (2012). Global financial crisis, financial contagion and emerging markets. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
Lewis, M. (2010). The big short: Inside the doomsday machine. New York: W.W. Norton.\
Berlatsky, N. (2010). The global financial crisis. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press/Gale Cengage Learning.
Krugman, P. R. (2009). The return of depression economics and the crisis of 2008. New York: W.W. Norton.
Davies, H. (2010). The financial crisis: Who is to blame?. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Heo, U., & Roehrig, T. (2010). South Korea since 1980. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Della, P. P., & Talani, L. S. (2011). Europe and the financial crisis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Lounsbury, M., & Hirsch, P. M. (2010). Markets on trial: The economic sociology of the U.S. financial crisis. Bingley, UK: Emerald.
In Kontiadēs, X. I. (2013). Constitutions in the global financial crisis: A comparative analysis. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.
Iley, R. A., Lewis, M., & Edward Elgar Publishing,. (2013). Global finance after the crisis: The United States, China and the new world order. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.
Meric, I., & Meric, G. (2001). Global financial markets at the turn of the century. Amsterdam: Pergamon.
Grant, W., & Wilson, G. K. (2012). The consequences of the global financial crisis: The rhetoric of reform and regulation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
Casey, T., & British Politics Group. (2011). The legacy of the crash: How the financial crisis changed America and Britain. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.