Free Health Policy And Law Basics Essay Sample

Essay

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Questions
However, as the professional autonomy influences all structural levels of the health care system (Polder & Jochemsen, 2000), if the centre structure features only professional autonomy, it will inevitably face certain problems. First, the efficient and justified resources allocation is very unlikely. Basing the necessary resources calculations on professional judgements, the physicians are likely to be accused of increasing health costs which other stakeholders such as insurance companies would like to be lower (Polder &Jochemsen, 2000). Second, the satisfaction resulting from greater level of professional autonomy in physicians does not always mean the patients’ satisfaction with even the most beneficial and effective treatment. Though the scarce research data shows that normally patients are able to detect the better level of service when based on medical autonomy (Haas et al., 2000), the minority of patients still remain not satisfied.
In general, the professional autonomy perspective lets the clinicans of a health care centre better address patients’concerns as proved by Physicians' Worklife Survey (Glymour, Saha, & Bigby, 2014). Also, the physicians’ professional autonomy increases productivity and leads to better performance indicators due to the professional satisfaction, as demonstrated by the experience of Mayo Clinic, SSM Health Care (St. Louis), Intermountain Healthcare (Utah), and the Veterans AdministrationHealth System (O’Kane, 2007).
(2) Each of three sources of US Law and their key components can have direct or indirect effect on the health centre construction initiative. Generally, all 3 components of Law provide a certain regulatory framework a new health care centre will operate within. The Constitution as US Supreme Law does not directly guarantee health care to US citizens ( Heymann, Cassola, Raub, & Mishra, 2013), but the Affordable Care Act as a means of promoting insurance coverage, will lead to the increase of the number of insured Americans (Blumenthal & Collins, 2014). Therefore, insurance companies will become more and more influential stakeholders in new health initiatives.
In these circumstances, basing the health centre structure only on a professional autonomy prospective will enhance all associated disadvantages: first, more efficient allocation of health care resources will be vital; second, the patients’ dissatisfaction level can grow, as the largest discrepancy in professionals’ and patients’ satisfaction was observed exactly in the patients with managed insurance plans (Haas et al.,2000). It will be essential either to build the centre based on the elements of all the perspectives (Polder & Jochemsen, 2000) or to be ready to the limitations of professional autonomy treating it as a contract based on public trust and balancing all the stakeholders’interests (Funck, 2000). The new health care centre construction can also have its impact on the legislation, being the reason for an initiative of changing the regulatory framework for inpatient care services. When ambulatory care program was promoted in New York, the initiated legislation changes led to New York State Council redesign of regulatory  policy (Chokshi, Rugge & Shah, 2014).
The common law components (judicial decisions) will finally be useful for preventive control (careful consideration of judicial decisions on alleged cases, federal trial court decisions, and health practitioners’ tribunals case summaries). The cases of violations of the health care regulation should be investigated to avoid non-compliance issues, to be aware of potential allegations risks and to take measures to estimate and minimize those risks properly.

References

Blumenthal, D., Collins, S.R. (2014). Health care coverage under the Affordable Care Act - a progress report. N Engl J Med, 371 (3), 275–81
Chokshi, D.A., Rugge, J., Shah, N.R. (2014).Redesigning the regulatory framework for ambulatory care services in New York. Milbank Q., 92(4), 776-95.
Funck, E. (2012). Professional archetype change: the effects of restricted professional autonomy.Professions & Professionalism,2 (2).
Glymour, M.M, Saha, S., Bigby, J. Society of General Internal Medicine Career Satisfaction Study Group. (2014). Physician race and ethnicity, professional satisfaction, and work-related stress: results from the Physician Worklife Study. J Natl Med Assoc. ,96(10),1283-9, 1294.
Haas, J.S.,  Cook, F.E.,  Puopolo, A.L., Burstin, H.R.,Cleary P.D, &  Brennan, T.A. (2000). Is the Professional Satisfaction of General Internists Associated with Patient Satisfaction? J Gen Intern Med., 15(2), 122–128.
 Heymann, J., Cassola, A., Raub, A., Mishra, L. (2013). Constitutional rights to health, public health and medical care: The status of health protections in 191 countries. Global Public Health. 
O’Kane, M.E. (2007). Do Patients Need to Be Protected from Quality Improvement? In: Jennings, B., Baily,M.A.,Bottrell, M., Lynn, J (Eds.), Health Care Quality Inprovement: Ethical and Regulatory Issues (pp.89-100). New York: The Hasting Centre Harrison.
Papathanassoglou,E.D., Karanikola M.N., Kalafati, M., Giannakopoulou, M., Lemonidou, C., & Albarran, J.W.(2012). Professional autonomy, collaboration with physicians, and moral distress among European intensive care nurses. Am J Crit Care,21(2),41-52.
Polder, J., Jochemsen, H. (2000). Professional autonomy in the health care system. Theoretical Medicine, 21, 477-491.