Free The Led Light Versus The Other Light Research Proposal Example

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUEST OF THE AWARD OF BACHELORS OF (Name of the Degree) OF (Name of the University).
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
LED has been praised in many situations than the other lights because of its unique characteristics that no other form of light possesses. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a light source which uses two-lead semi-conductors. When activated the diode emits some light. The first LEDs that used the visible-light used to be limited to red and of low intensity. However, the modern LEDs have very high brightness and are available in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. LEDs have been permitted to be used in the task and environmental and lighting by the recent developments. The LEDs are believed to have numerous advantages over other sources of light like the incandescent light sources simply because of their smaller size, lower consumption of energy, enhanced physical robustness, longer lifetime, and faster switching. These Light-emitting diodes have been used in diverse applications which include the automotive headlamps, general lighting, aviation lighting, traffic signals, as well as camera flashes. In July 2012, General Service Lamp Legislation allowed the Department of Energy to ban the use of fluorescence lighting system because it had shown some defects in energy efficiency. As a result of this change of Directive many organization and facilities had no option but to upgrade their lighting systems and make sure that they keep up with ever-changing industry standards. This ban on using fluorescent tubes sparked a Go Green initiative that promotes the replacement of older bulbs with energy efficient ones in order to reduce electricity cost and emission of carbon dioxide. This is to say that the government had acknowledged the importance of using LED light because of its various reasons .
For over a period of more than 150 years incandescent bulbs and other lights have been in use; these lighting choice have held that position of being the most used and prominent lighting option being used by generation after generation and known for their trademark yellow glow. However the recent development in fluorescent light and the LED have seen a decline in sales of incandescent bulbs.According to, the LED has a huge energy saving potential and which has been the main driving force behind the recent use of solid-state lighting. Therefore, this research will focus on LED, by showing the reasons why a time has finally come to embrace it because of its characteristics compared to the old incandescent and other bulbs.
1.1 Objectives of the study
The primary objective of the study will be to determine or investigate the advantages of LED lights and its unique characteristics compared to the other lights. The specific objectives of the study will include:
1.2 Significance of the study
The study is going to add knowledge to the advantages of the LED and its unique characteristics that cannot be compared to the other lights.
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. This chapter will look at various literatures and what other scholars have said about the study.

Literature review body

According to the most basic and important features of any light sources used for the general lighting is color rendering. The concept of color rendering means that the light source should show how natural the colors of something appear under the given form of illumination. General lighting cannot use a light source whose color rendering is poor. Some countries like the US have set the minimum requirements for both the Color Rendering Index and the luminous efficacy of any lamp products which is sold in the country. This, therefore, means that color rendering is an important aspect that should be considered for general lighting, and the white LEDs has the same characteristic.
Incandescent Lights, for a very long time in history, have changed very little. They are simply comprised of some metallic objects which are plugged into an electrical source. The design of this is normally a screw-shaped or a bayonet. The filament is wired to tungsten which is surrounded by either an inert gas which characteristically does not react to electricity or heat. On the other hand, LEDs uses a material referred to as the semiconductor. The solid material allows the electrical current to pass through it which makes the atoms release energy that comes in the form of light.
According to Energy Star LED, has been rated to fit most applications and provide a saving of energy of up to 75%or more in those applications than the incandescent lamps. This means that when one pay a visit to any box home or web site will provide a variety of available products. There are, however, some barriers that exist to prevent too large LED penetration. These observations are somewhat anecdotal, based on discussions within the industry and by experiences of real consumers
Fluorescent lamps are one of the other lights which use a chemical element which has a certain reaction when the current flows. The chemical element is known as mercury. Mercury has peculiar features on how it reacts to the electrical current that flows in the bulb. The generated heat of this process forces the mercury to be evaporated which will produce an ultraviolet x-ray. However; phosphor is another chemical element of this lamp that absorbs this x-ray that the mercury releases. Fluorescent lamps use less electrical current than incandescent and last much longer. On the other hand, the toxic substance of mercury requires that large quantities of burned lamps be taken away to recycling centers. As a result, this poses various health risks if used for a long period time (Jonatha, 2014).
According to Lyn (2012), LEDs lights have offered substantial strings of benefits that have gone beyond energy efficiency. Many other benefits according to this research are that the LED lights have a longer rated life compared to the regular bulbs. The research asserts that the LED offers additional savings because of the reduced maintenance costs;
LED has not been without various disadvantages. According to one report from the French Government which was publicly published in 2013 confirms that a luminance level which is higher than the recommended 10,000 cd/m2 usually found in the Incandescent Lamp and Fluorescent Lamp can cause visual discomfort regardless of the position of the lighting unit in the field of vision. In addition, the report asserts that the LED street lights used in sky glow can sometimes make the light pollution to be significantly worse. The reason is that compared to the sodium light which is being replaced at a very high rate, they tend to emit more green and blue light. There is progressive wear of layers of phosphor in white LEDs that with time lead to devices being moved from one photo biological risk group to a higher one.
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction

Methodology explicitly rules and Involves procedures in which research is based on and against which claims of knowledge are evaluated. This chapter describes the research design and methodology which will be adopted in the study. It covers research design, target population, sampling design, research instruments, validity and reliability of the instruments, data collection procedures and data analysis methods.

Research design

Research design will constitute the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. This research will employ both descriptive and inferential statistical design. Descriptive statistics focuses on determining the status of the defined tests and population to be used in the questionnaire with respect to the variables. Its primary advantage is that the greater amount of data is gathered in a short period. It is recommended for this research because it will be used to collect people or group's opinions and attitudes towards the use of LED light. Inferential statistics is concerned with making predictions and inferences about an object from observations and analysis of samples.
3.3 Data Sources and Analysis
A test process on the LED will also be done. This process of LED bulb testing will require a multimeter which uses a digital mechanism to test the voltage of any lamp. This device has been used by users who work with electronic devices and robotics. Such users utilize LEDs, and they often need to test the lights to ascertain that they work properly. The process will involve the various steps among them connecting the multimeter to the LED, observing and interpreting the results of the test.
Questionnaires will be administered physically to the sampled individuals and firms and both open and closed ended questions will be used. This means that there is a room for the person answering the questionnaire to explain what he means and such comments will be included in the final report. The questions will be coded to enable the performance of analysis.
Another test to evaluate Light sources will be done that will be based on a series of photometric characteristics including luminous intensity, luminous flux, and spectral distribution. Spectral distribution is the composition that that shows the relative quantity of each color or wavelength that the source of the light is composed of. Luminous flux is the basis for defining other quantities including the luminous intensity. It also measures total light output of any light source by assessing the lumens. This test will also be applied to the Compact fluorescent lamps and Tungsten Halogen, and the results will be compared and tabulated appropriately.
3.4 Data Presentation Techniques
Data will be summarized and presented in various forms. Tabulation-which is an array of rows and columns, will be used.
3.5 Validity and Reliability of Instruments
Validity can be described as the extent to which an instrument can measure the rightly designed to measure and successfully. In the process, validation entails collecting and analyzing data to assess the accuracy of an instrument. Reliability can be thought of as consistency, if the instrument consistently measures what it is intended to measure.
Since the study will use test of multimeter, questionnaire and photometric characteristics as a method of data collection, to enhance reliability, such tests should clear and well defined so as not to be confusing. Validity will be addressed when using the tests in order to measure what the study is intended to; relevant questions to the area of study will be asked. The reliability of such tests and instrument will also be seen by comparing the results of the study with those done by other researchers.

References

Jackson, M. (2012). Research Report: LED Lighting. Woodside: Woodside Capital Partners International.
Jonatha, C. (2014). New Bedford begins new LED streetlight installation. Plymouth City: Southcoast Today.
Lyn, D. (2012). LED Lighting Technology. Washington: Alternative Power Sources.
National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2004). Color Rendering and Luminous Efficacy of White LED Spectra. Gaithersburg, USA: 100 Bureau Drive.
Schubert, Kim, E. F., & Kyu, J. (2005). Solid-State Light Sources Getting Smart. Beijing: Ohno Publishers Inc.
Sega, R., DeAngelo, D., & Ergenzen, M. (2011). Energy Saving Proposal. Ohio: Ohio State University.