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 Name 2 or 3 differences between civic agriculture and conventional agriculture paradigms
Civic agriculture focuses on food production that can be a source of income for a family. On the other hand, conventional agriculture paradigms focus on food production as the primary goal while ensuring that costs are minimal. Secondly, conventional agriculture focuses on commodities and components parts as units of observations and experimentation while ignoring the farmers and the farm. Civic agriculture seeks to involve the farmers and the community and establishes a network or link between producers and consumers.

Why is civic agriculture about “problem-solving”? If so, how would you characterizeconventional agriculture?

The approaches employed in civic agriculture involve a multidimensional aspect towards farming. This entails the use of an ecological perspective in farming. The goal in civic agriculture involves approaches that will provide optimal production while at the same time ensuring that productions processes do not affect other aspects of farming negatively. As such, it provides avenues where farmers can sell their products by linking them to the direct market. Conventional agriculture focuses on increasing production by applying technologies that will attain maximum production. Farmers may have the maximum production, but may be unable to sell it for a profit hence not solving their problems.

What different effects do these two agricultural models have on communities?

Civic agriculture fosters a bond between the civic farmers and the consumers. As such, the civic farmers can be able to interact with consumers, understand their needs, and demand of different varieties of product. Civic agriculture fosters cooperation in the community. Conventional agriculture has more of a different effect on communities. Individuals will be in competition and thus may fail to assist one another for selfishness reasons.

How could you participate in civil agriculture here in New York City?

Encouraging community gardens would be an effective way of participating in civic agriculture. Furthermore, it I would link up with organizations that help to feed the hungry and the homeless individuals and in the process establish community-based a food business that caters to the working and the non-working community.
In processing, it is important to consider the shelf life of the food product. The shelf life of produce needs to be adequate to reach the consumer while still being fresh. The type of packing employed is a crucial aspect. For foods, types of packaging have to be used. These include primary packing on the food product, secondary packing utilizing cases or boxes and transit packing carrier bags or boxes, which are used to carry food from shops to homes.

Bibliography

Lyson, Thomas. "Civic Agriculture and Community Problem Solving.” Culture and Agriculture, American Anthropological Society." Culture and Agriculture 27, no. 2 (2005): 92-98
Paxton, Angela. “Food Miles.” Edited by Viljoen, Andre, and Joe Howe. Planning forCPULs. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 2005.