Good Correlation And Association Critical Thinking Example

The concept of association and correlation is very close in meaning to each other. However, some difference between them is. The Association is a more general term, while the correlation is a special case of the association when the variables depend on each other linearly.
Association as a statistical concept refers to any relationship between two random variables. This is a kind of common property, which does not define the type of relationship. This is a whole term which means statistical relationship of any kind.
Correlation as a special case of the association is a quantitative measure of the closeness of the linear relationship between two variables. There are several types of correlation coefficients; the most famous is considered the Pearson correlation coefficient. This coefficient takes values between -1 and 1. The closer the value is to 0, the weaker the relationship between variables. The closer the coefficient to 1 or -1, the stronger is the relationship. Negative values of the correlation coefficient indicate an inverse relationship, positive is a direct relationship between the variables. If the coefficient is equal to 1 or -1, then the dependence is linear and functional.
Nevertheless, there is such a thing as the coefficient of association. When using the correlation between the scale items studied attributes (properties, parameters) is established by the presence of these symptoms. In case when we analyze the relationship only between the qualitative characteristics, we resort to calculation of the coefficient of association. For example:

Then the coefficient of association is:

ra=AD-BCA+BC+DA+C(B+D)
The interpretation of this coefficient is the same as for correlation coefficient.

References

Brians, C.L., Willnat, L., Manheim, J., & Rich, R. (2011). Empirical political analysis: Quantitative and qualitative research methods (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Kendall, M. G. (1955) "Rank Correlation Methods", Charles Griffin & Co.