Page 44 Case Study Samples

10. Three-tiered Architecture – The individual’s computer has access to the user interface. This layer talks to the server, which in turns talks to the Enterprise server database.
12. Planning – This is the beginning phase. It is reviewing the data and systems to develop solutions. The purpose is to understand the business situation and how to solve a problem using the information systems. In this step, one analyzes the data and business functions and justifies need for new data to support those needs.
Analysis – This is the deeper analysis of the situation to find the key problems and develop data models. One will compare data and develop as detailed a data table as possible. This step produces a conceptual schema.
Design – This is the structuring and organization of information requirements to develop positive change. One makes a logical design based upon the analyzing of data. This step involves integrating data systems and design. This design will be specific. One will design input and output formats for each application in the system, these outputs are reviewed and analyzed. A physical schema is created in this stage. This is the conceptual schema brought to life as the computers database now receives specifications for data.
Implementation – This step simply involves implanting the various designs that have now been made. The purpose is to build and test new databases and install the new designs. This will involve integrating the new systems into the existing schema and testing those systems with each other. Data will be implemented and loaded onto the new database. The database will be put into production and used by actual users.
Maintenance – The purpose of this is to monitor and observe the new changes and implementations and find areas that can be enhanced or repaired. One will analyze the database and applications and fix or tweak it to improve performance. This step involves analyzing the new system and proceeds back into the first step as one plans and observe the now existing system to find where improvements can be made.
16.
a. External Schema
b. Conceptual Schema
c. Internal Schema
17. Very large databases will be required for the data and systems that the company will be running.
18. The Internet is a very large database being effectively used. Many organizations and corporations used massive databases to store their data. Universities use very large database to hold their systems’ data.

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2. Advanced data types have several special requirements:

Requirements for storage – multimedia objects (including sound, video clips and images) must have substantial storage capacity, which needs justification.

Management of content – is connected with the problem of locating, storing and retrieving the multimedia objects. Special software that is not in general available in relational DBMS or extra endeavor to ensure a means to rapidly access these multimedia objects (such as keyboard indexes) is required for this process.
Maintenance – when usual relational data are easily updated, multimedia objects can require maintaining different options of the data. Normally the whole object requires to be restored, since it is treated as a whole rather than a set of parts.
12.
The institution would benefit from a multi-tiered architecture as this would provide access and talking points of connection between the student and instructor that keep the students connected o the course.
16.
The creation of an enterprise database which will contain all details about clients, policies is one of the suggested approaches. The necessity for enterprise database is obvious, as apart from by sales department, policy details should be accessed also by actuarial team and claims department. Access to the database, for internal agents, would be through an intranet, using a browser-based application as the front-net. Each external agent will use their own database on his or her netbook computer, containing information for his or her territory. The personal database will then be synchronized periodically with the enterprise database using extranet.
19.
a. The field size will range from 1-40 characters.
b. Number (11, 0) Not full primary key.
c. This is a field that uniquely identifies a row of another table.