SPSS Review Essays Example

The objective of the research being conducted is to gain an understanding of the tourists from our country to other countries. An understanding of variables such as the age, tourist destinations, duration of stay and the gender could help us obtain an understanding of how best we can promote local tourism. Local tourism could be promoted if the adverts made by local tourist’s sites could target the population that is characterized by the sample in this analysis.

The questions that are in the questionnaire designed are;

What is your age?
What is your sex?
Which country did you tour?
How many days did you take in the country you toured?
What was the main attraction in the destination country?
Would you visit the destination country again for this reason?
The data is included in the appendix.
Coding is done and the values assigned to categorical data are defined accordingly. The variables in the data set are also elaborated through proper definition of what they capture.
There were missing data in some of the variables which resulted from errors in data collection and as such the researcher felt that they did not describe the respondent as expected. For instance, a value of 566 in the variable age is incorrect because we do not really expect the respondent to have attained that age. Inclusion of this value in our data will exaggerate some of the measures of central tendency particularly the mean. There is also no possibility of the researcher guessing what the value that was intended to be recorded was as this will violate statistical analysis rules.
After the data has been cleaned, it is now ready for data analysis.it is appropriate to obtain summary statistics for the quantitative variables. These statistics will include the mean, median and mode and also we will be interested in obtaining the standard deviation. The standard deviation gives an indication of how the values of the variables are dispersed around the mean. It will be appropriate for our analysis if the standard deviation is as small as possible.
Categorical variables are summarized by the use of bar charts. The values assigned are qualitative and do not quantify the variable in consideration. As such obtaining the mean and standard deviation will not be appropriate because they hold no meaning.
The percentage of females and males in our data is equal, therefore, we will assume that there is no significant difference in the proportions of gender in our data. The main reasons for the choice of destination were; the presence of wild animals, rich culture of the people in the destination country and a good environment. Wild animals had the greatest percentage with 60.7% of respondents giving this as the reason for a choice of tourist destination. The second most popular reason for the choice of tourist destination was the rich culture. It is expected that there is a correlation between the reason for a choice of tourist destination and the favorite destination. A correlation analysis would be appropriate to establish the strength of the relationship. The most popular tourist destination is India, this may be because of the presence of wild animals and rich culture. 51.3 % of the respondents agreed that they will visit the favorite destination again, while 39.3% responded that maybe they will visit the favorite destination again.

The bar charts are included in the appendix.

The variables favorite destination (dependent variable) and reasons for choice of destination (independent variable) are both categorical variables. I am interested in conducting a chi-square test to establish if these variables are independent or not. The person chi-square test is significant thus we reject the null hypothesis that the variables are independent. The p-value for Pearson chi-square test is 0.321 which is significant at 0.5 significance level (Gupta, 1999).
The variable days spent in tourist destination country could be recoded to capture this variable in weeks. The values ‘1’ will represent one week and below, the value ‘2’ will represent between one and two weeks, the value ‘3’ will represent the duration between two and three weeks. The categories chosen are selected because they will improve the comparison of the duration of stay with other categorical variables in the analysis.
It would be expected that there is a correlation between the number of weeks (independent variable) that an individual spent in a tourist destination and the decision to visit that destination again (dependent variable). A chi-square test is carried out to ascertain if these variables are independent or not. The test is insignificant at 0.5 significance level, and we fail to reject the hypothesis that the variables are indeed independent. The Pearson chi-square value is 0.613 which is greater than 0.05 (Gupta, 1999).

Reference:

Gupta, V. 1999. SPSS for Beginners. Gupta books. New Delhi. India.
Appendix
Quantitative variables
Age Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
12.00 2 . 123333333344
14.00 2 . 55667778889999
23.00 3 . 00001233344444444444444
17.00 3 . 55556666777778999
12.00 4 . 000002334444
24.00 4 . 555555555555555558899999
14.00 5 . 00123444444444
15.00 5 . 555666666667778
3.00 6 . 000
9.00 6 . 555555777
1.00 7 . 0
Stem width: 10
Each leaf: 1 case(s)
Days Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
3.00 Extremes (=<5.0)
7.00 7 . 0000000
1.00 8 . 0
4.00 9 . 0000
8.00 10 . 00000000
1.00 11 . 0
1.00 12 . 0
7.00 13 . 0000000
11.00 14 . 00000000000
13.00 15 . 0000000000000
11.00 16 . 00000000000
17.00 17 . 00000000000000000
17.00 18 . 00000000000000000
13.00 19 . 0000000000000
1.00 20 . 0
10.00 21 . 0000000000
1.00 22 . 0
1.00 23 . 0
4.00 24 . 0000
4.00 25 . 0000
1.00 26 . 0
8.00 Extremes (>=27.0)
Stem width: 1
Each leaf: 1 case(s)
Categorical variables
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